Matius 27:48

27:48 Immediately ¹  one of them ran and got a sponge, filled it with sour wine, ²  put it on a stick, ³  and gave it to him to drink.

Markus 15:36

15:36 Then someone ran, filled a sponge with sour wine, ⁴  put it on a stick, ⁵  and gave it to him to drink, saying, “Leave him alone! Let’s see if Elijah will come to take him down!”

Lukas 23:36

23:36 The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine, ⁶ 

Yohanes 19:28

Jesus’ Death

19:28 After this Jesus, realizing that by this time ⁷  everything was completed, ⁸  said (in order to fulfill the scripture), ⁹  “I am thirsty!” ¹⁰ 

[27:48]  ¹ tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated.

[27:48]  ² sn Sour wine refers to cheap wine that was called in Latin posca, a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion.

[27:48]  ³ tn Grk “a reed.”

[15:36]  ⁴ sn Sour wine refers to cheap wine that was called in Latin posca, a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and was probably there for the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion.

[15:36]  ⁵ tn Grk “a reed.”

[23:36]  ⁶ sn Sour wine was cheap wine, called in Latin posca, and referred to a cheap vinegar wine diluted heavily with water. It was the drink of slaves and soldiers, and the soldiers who had performed the crucifixion, who had some on hand, now used it to taunt Jesus further.

[19:28]  ⁷ tn Or “that already.”

[19:28]  ⁸ tn Or “finished,” “accomplished”; Grk “fulfilled.”

[19:28]  ⁹ sn A reference to Ps 69:21 or Ps 22:15.

[19:28]  ¹⁰ sn In order to fulfill (τελειωθῇ [teleiwqh], a wordplay on the previous statement that everything was completed [τετέλεσται, tetelestai]) the scripture, he said, “I am thirsty.” The scripture referred to is probably Ps 69:21, “They also gave me gall for my food, and for my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.” Also suggested, however, is Ps 22:15, “My tongue cleaves to the roof of my mouth, and you [God] lay me in the dust of death.” Ps 22:1 reads “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?,” a statement Jesus makes from the cross in both Matt 27:46 and Mark 15:34. In light of the connection in the Fourth Gospel between thirst and the living water which Jesus offers, it is highly ironic that here Jesus himself, the source of that living water, expresses his thirst. And since 7:39 associates the living water with the Holy Spirit, Jesus’ statement here in 19:28 amounts to an admission that at this point he has been forsaken by God (cf. Ps 22:1, Matt 27:46, and Mark 15:34).